BIO. 240-214B Anatomy and Physiology Section 9651

BIO. 240-214B   Anatomy and Physiology Section 9651

 

Name……………………………………

 

Fourth Test

 

1. This ______ hormone is not derived from cholesterol.
2. Aldosterone B.  Prolactin   C.  Androgen   D.  Testosterone   E.  Estrogen

 

2. The endocrine system

1. 1. Release neurotransmitter
   2. Is isolated from the nervous system
   3. Secrets chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream
   4. Contains organs called exocrine
   5. Communicates via frequency-modulated signals

 

3. Urine volume ______ when ADH secretion decreases
4. Stops B.  Decreases    C.  Is not affected    D.  Declines    E.  Increases

 

4. Which of the following hormones does not belong with the others?

1. 1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
   2. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
   3. Cortisol
   4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
   5. Growth hormone (GH)

 

5. All genes of one person is called
6. Genome B.  Gamete    C.  Diploid    D.   Haploid   E.  Proteomics

 

6. Somatic cells with two sets of chromosomes are said to be
7. Genome B.  Gamete    C.  Diploid    D.   Proteomics   E.  Haploid

 

7. Sex cells with half of the amount of genetic material of other cell types are said to be
8. Genome B.  Gamete     C.   Diploid     D.   Proteomics    E.  Haploid

 

8. A study that focuses on the spectrum of proteins that specific cell types produce is called
9. Genome B.  Gamete     C.   Diploid      D.   Proteomics    E.   Haploid

 

9. Which of the following endocrine glands is inferior in location to the rest?
10. The thyroid B.  The pineal gland   C.  The adrenal gland   D.  The pituitary gland    E.  The thymus

 

10. If growth hormone (GH) secretion is deficient in a newborn, the child will

1. 1. Probably experience reduced bone growth
   2. Develop gray hairs
   3. Mature sexually at the age ten
   4. Probably experience increased bone growth
   5. Be in constant danger of dehydration

 

For questions 11 to 14, match the following hormones with their secretory organs

1. Atriopeptin
2. Erythropoietin
3. Melatonin
4. Thynosin

 

11. Kidney   B

 

12. . Heart A

 

13. Thymus D

 

14. Pineal C

 

15. Aneuploidy can be detected prior to birth by
16. Amniocentesis B.  Polyploidy   C.  SRY gene   D.  Pleiotropy   E.  Aneuploid

 

16. Which is not true of good target structure for gene therapy?
17. Bone marrow B.  Muscle   C.  Skin   D.   Eye    E.  Liver

 

17. The functional unit of heredity is the
18. mRNA B. rRNA   C.  Chromosome   D.   Gene    E.   Autosome

 

18. Which of the following is true?

1. 1. Epinephrine half-life is measured in hours
   2. Epinephrine increases blood pressure
   3. Epinephrine decreases heart rate
   4. Epinephrine inhibits camp synthesis
   5. Epinephrine increases GI tract activity

 

For questions 19 to 23, match the following hormones with the secretary cells

1. Oxytocin
2. Calcitonin
3. Somatostatin
4. Parathyroid hormone
5. Glucagon

 

19. Alfa cells    E

 

20. Principal cells A

 

21. Delta cells C

 

22. Parafollicular cells    B

 

23. Neuron cell bodies D

 

24. Alpha cells ___________as beta cells are to ___________
25. Glucagon; Insulin    B.  Somatostatin; Insulin    C.  Insulin; glucagon   D.  Glucagon; somatostatin    E.  Pancreatic polypeptide; insulin

 

25. The primary target of insulin is
26. Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells B.   Adipocytes   C.  Liver cells   D.  A and C.  A, B, and C

 

26. The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?
27. 3 B.   5     C.   7     D.  9    E.   16

 

27. The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is
28. Aldosterone B.   Testosterone   C.  Inhibin   D.  LH    E.   Somatostatin

 

28. Which of the following chromosome anomalies is Klinefelte syndrome?

A  XO    B.  XY    C.   XX      D.  XYY    E.   XXY

 

29. Which of the genotypes will result in a male?
30. XO B.  XX    C.   XXX    D.   XY    E.  YY

 

30. Synthesis of testosterone in the testis and progesterone in the ovary is stimulated by
31. LH B.  ACTH    C.  TSH    D.  PRL    E.  ADH

 

31. Which of the following ions is necessary for thyroid hormone synthesis?
32. Chlorine B.  Sodium    C.   Potassium    D.   Iodine    E.  Calcium

 

32. The rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when

1. 1. Blood levels of sodium increase
   2. Blood calcium levels increase
   3. Blood levels of TSH decrease
   4. Blood levels of TSH increase
   5. Blood calcium levels decrease

 

33. The endocrine glands located on top of kidneys are the
34. Renal glands B. Thyroid glands   C.  Pineal glands   D.  Adrenal glands   E.  Pancreas

 

34. An allele is said to be ______ if it is not phenotypically expressed in the presence of

another allele of the same gene

1. Dominant    B. Recessive    C.   Pleiotropy    D.  Genotype    E.  Penetrance

 

35. A phenomenon in which one gene produces multiple phenotypic effects is called
36. Dominant B.  Recessive    C.   Pleiotropy    D.  Genotype    E.  Penetrance

 

36. Aneuploidy can be detected prior to birth by
37. Amniocentesis B.  Polyploidy   C.  SRY gene   D.   Pleiotropy   E.  Aneuploid

 

37. This ______ hormone is not derived from cholesterol.
38. A. Aldosterone   Prolactin   C.  Androgen   D.   Testosterone   E.   Estrogen

 

38. The major secretory hormones of the zona fasciculate are
39. Glucocorticoids B. Androgens    C.  Mineralocorticoids   D.  Epinephrine   E.  Insulin

 

39. The uterus is a target organ of

1. 1. Follicle stimulating hormone
   2. Luteinizing hormone
   3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
   4. Oxytocin
   5. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

 

40. The location of a particular gene on a chromosome is called
41. A. Locus     Pedigree    C.   Punnett    D.    Bone marrow    E.  Cytoplasm

 

41. A person with two different alleles for a gene is ____________ for that gene
42. Homozygous B. Dominant    C.   Recessive     D.  Heterozygous    E.  Mode of inheritance

 

42. An organism’s genetic makeup ______ while it’s physical appearance is its ____

1. 1. Phenotype; Wild type
   2. Genotype; phenotype
   3. Prototype; genotype
   4. Wild type; prototype
   5. Phenotype; genotype

 

43. Genes on the X chromosomes are
44. Polygenic B.  Y-linked    C.  X-linked    D.   Dominant     E.   Recessive

 

For questions 44 to 48 match the following terms with the appropriate definition.

1. Chromosomes not associated with sex determination
2. Genes are passed from male to male
3. A chart showing family patterns of inheritance
4. Specific site on a chromosome where a gene is located
5. Both alleles are the same

 

44. Autosome    A

 

45. Pedigree    C

 

46. Homozygous E

 

47. Y-linked B

 

48. Locus D

 

49. Which of the following stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary?
50. LH B.  ACTH     C.   TSH      D.   FSH      E.   ADH

 

50. The glucocorticoids

1. 1. Stimulate gluconeogenesis
   2. Increase the inflammatory response
   3. Synthesize amino acids
   4. Decrease synthesis of glycogen
   5. Secretion is controlled by emotional excitement

 

58. Glucagon primarily influences cells of the
59. Liver B.   Brain     C.   Pancreas    D.   Heart     E.   Kidneys

 

59. Increase insulin secretion immediately following a meal will result in increased
60. Protein catabolism B.   Glycogenolysis    C.  Gluconeogenesis   D.  Fat catabolism    E.   Glycogen synthesis

 

60. Overall, PTH _____ blood phosphate levels.
61. Enhances B.  Elevates    C.   Decreases    D.   Increases   E.  Has no effect on

 

61. If a man has an X-linked recessive allele for a given trait

1. 1. He cannot pass it to his daughter
   2. He must have inherited it from his father
   3. Its effects will be masked by his dominant Y chromosome
   4. He cannot pass it on to his son
   5. Its effects will be masked by his other X chromosome

 

62. A person with blood type alleles I^A and I^B shows characteristics of both blood types A

and B because these alleles are:

1. Pleiotropic   B.   Both recessive    C.   Codominant   D.  Homozygous   E.  Polygenic

 

63. The pairs of alleles possessed by an individual for a particular trait is called his or hers
64. Gene pool   B.   Nucleotides    C.  Genome     D.   Genotype    E.   Phenotype

 

64. ABO blood groups is a trait which demonstrates ____ inheritance

1. 1. Incomplete dominant
   2. Polygenic
   3. Sex-linked
   4. Pleiotropy
   5. Multiple allele

 

65. A gene on Y chromosome that switches on genes in the embryo that promote development of male characteristics and suppresses genes that promote development of female characteristics is called
66. X-linked B.  Y-linked    C.    Hemizygous     D.   SRY gene    E.  Hetrozygous

 

1. Which phenotype is true of sex-limited trait?

1. Beard growth B.  Breast size   C. Milk yield   D.  Horn development   E.  All of the above

 

1. Cells with extra or missing chromosome are called

1. Amniocentesis B.  Polyploidy   C.   SRY gene   D.  Pleiotropy    E.   Aneuploid

 

68. Which of the following chromosome anomalies is Jacob’s syndrome?
69. XO B.   XY      C.   XX      D.   XYY       E.    XXY

 

69. Which of the following chromosome anomalies is Turner syndrome?

A   XO    B.   XY     C.    XX      D.    XYY      E.   XYY

 

70. When two alleles combine to produce an effect without either of them being dominant or recessive this is called

1. 1. Corecessive
   2. Codominance
   3. Incomplete dominance
   4. Dominance
   5. Polygenic dominance

 

71. An example of incomplete dominance is seen in

1. 1. ABO blood type
   2. Color blindness
   3. Familial hypecholesterolemia
   4. Albinism
   5. Tall Kostick

 

72. The condition known as goiter can result from too
73. Much insulin   B.   Little TSH   C.   Much ACTH    D.  Little iodine in the diet    E.

Little glucagon

 

73. These thyroid hormones stimulate virtually all aspects of Carbohydrate and Lipid             Catabolism in most cells of the body

A T4    B.  FSH    C.   T3      D.  T4, T3     E.     FSH, PTH

 

74. The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

A   FSH    B. TSH    C.  ACTH      D.   LH     E.    GH

 

75. The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is

A   TSH       B.   GH       C.   FSH      D.    LH       E.     ACTH

 

76. Antidiuretic hormone

A  Is secreted by the adenohypophysis    B.   Stimulates water intake   C.    Stimulates

water conservation by the kidneys    D.  A, B, and C    E.   B and C

 

77. Each of the following hormones is an amine derivative, except
78. Epinephrine    B.   Norepinephrine    C. Thyroid hormone   D.   Insulin   E.   C and D

 

78. Aldosterone

A   Is secreted in response to elevated levels of potassium in the blood    B.  Promotes

sodium retention in the kidneys   C.  Helps decrease blood volume and lower blood

pressure   D.   A, B and C    E.   A and B

 

79. Which of the following hormones is synthesized by the hypothalamus?

A  T3 and T4    B.  MSH      C.    ACTH      D.   ADH      E.  TSH

 

80. Secretory cells of  the adenohypophysis release these hormones except

A   FHS    B.  TSH    C.   GH      D.   ADH     E.   PRL